America’s Cuba policy has long been an open joke in international circles. Seldom has a country pursued such a futile policy for so long while clearly recognizing its senselessness. It’s probably the foremost example of how American domestic politics can take its foreign policy hostage, leaving everyone a loser.
On Wednesday, President Barack Obama took bold action to put an end to this farce. Over half a century of a counterproductive sanctions and isolation policy is coming to an end.
But Cuba is only one of many examples of domestic politics rendering American foreign policy dysfunctional. Nor is it a unique case of how sanctions and isolation tend to be counterproductive.
Almost everything the president said about the failure of America’s Cuba policy could be said of our policy on Iran (although Obama is thankfully also changing this policy).
The administration’s shift on Cuba is a reflection that isolation and sanctions has had the opposite of their intended effect. As Obama said today, “I do not believe we can keep doing the same thing for over five decades and expect a different result.” Despite half a century of severed ties, Castro is still in charge and communism is still firmly in place. Rather than stick to failed policies, opening up Cuba to the outside world holds the possibility of empowering a Cuban middle class and shifting the country in a more democratic direction. According to an administration official, “all of this is seen as a way of promoting change in Cuba because everything we have done in the past has demonstrably failed.”
Similarly, in Iran, America’s policy of isolation has intensified over the years, but the Ayatollahs and the Islamic Republic have remained firmly in place. As proponents of democratic reform and human rights defenders have continuously attested, sanctions have led to the intensification of the security environment in Iran and limited opportunities for change. While we could potentially continue on the same course for decades to come, there is little reason to expect that another 35 years of isolation would cause the Ayatollahs to surrender.
Obama’s shift toward engagement with Iran has already borne fruit, with the success of the interim nuclear deal signed last November. If engagement is further strengthened, our ability to deal with and influence Iran will grow accordingly. Currently, requests for the Iranian government to respect its people or release imprisoned Americans often fall on deaf ears. However, with a new relationship and enhanced ties, it will be more difficult for Iran to ignore American requests. As Obama said, “sanctions have impaired our ability to promote positive change in Cuba.”
He might as well have said Iran.