Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential personal hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with synthetic materials to enhance performance.
– **Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)**: These are synthetic materials that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their own mass. SAPs are crucial for preventing leakage and ensuring long-lasting dryness.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick liquid penetration. Common materials used include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: These are made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyester. They are designed to be soft, breathable, and quick-drying.
– **Perforated Films**: Some pads use a thin, perforated plastic film as the top sheet. This material is highly effective at preventing leakage but may be less breathable than nonwoven fabrics.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials used for the back sheet include:

– **Polyethylene Film**: A thin, flexible plastic film that is waterproof and provides an effective barrier against leaks.
– **Breathable Films**: These are advanced materials that allow moisture vapor to escape while preventing liquid leakage. They enhance comfort by reducing the feeling of wetness.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the pad to the underwear. They must be strong enough to hold the pad in place but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling. They provide a strong bond and are commonly used in sanitary pad manufacturing.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives stick to surfaces upon application of light pressure. They are often used for the wings of the pad to ensure a secure fit.

## 5. Fragrance and Additives

Some sanitary pads include fragrances or additives to mask odors or provide additional comfort. However, these components can sometimes cause skin irritation or allergic reactions. Common additives include:

– **Fragrance Oils**: Used to impart a pleasant scent to the pad.
– **Aloe Vera or Chamomile**: Added for their soothing properties, these natural extracts can help reduce skin irritation.

## Conclusion

The raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to balance absorbency, comfort, and safety. From the absorbent core to the back sheet, each component plays a vital role in ensuring the effectiveness of the product. Understanding these materials helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers to innovate and improve their products.